9 NYCRR 578.4

Wetlands slow water runoff and temporarily store water, slowing movement of the crest downstream and lowering its elevation, thus helping to protect downstream areas from flooding and siltation or sedimentation. Public health and private property in one part of a watershed may be harmed if wetlands are destroyed or substantially altered in upstream parts of that watershed.

Wetlands are of unparalleled value as wildlife habitat. Many of the wetland bird species, such as ducks, geese, herons and the endangered bald eagle, are migratory. They must have nesting, migrating and wintering habitat. The destruction of one kind of habitat in one part of the State will reduce populations in other parts of the State or country and deprive bird-watchers, hunters and others of recreational opportunities. Where a specific wetland is the only known location of a key endangered species habitat, destruction of that wetland may threaten the survival of the species.

The protection of surface and subsurface water resources afforded by wetlands benefits all potential users of those water resources. The cleansing action of wetlands, through sedimentation and oxidation or precipitation of pollutants, may provide water cleaner than would be the case if the wetlands were destroyed. The loss of wetlands may result in a decline in water quality downstream or in adjacent lakes.

Wetlands provide spawning and nursery grounds for several species of fish. The availability of these fish may be adversely affected by the loss of these or adjacent wetlands. Nutrients supplied by wetlands are often important to the fisheries food chains of adjacent waters. In addition to their importance to fishermen, many wetland areas provide important hunting, boating, hiking, birdwatching, photography, and other recreational opportunities.

Wetlands provide opportunities for scientific research, visual variety and open space, and educational benefits.