19 NYCRR 1103.10 | LawEngine

General course outlines

Source version current through Oct 7, 2026

Later State Register activity may affect this section.

Source details

NYCRR title agency: Department of State
Section status: Section source receipt
Source version current through: Oct 7, 2026
Text saved: Sep 27, 2026

New York Department of State official text

General course outlines The following are the required subjects to be included in the courses of study and the required number of hours to be devoted to general appraisal courses. All appraisal schools must utilize this course outline in conducting their programs. These course outline are not intended to substitute for specific outlines for the proposed course.

(a)G-4/General Appraiser Market Analysis and Highest and Best Use

A. Real Estate Markets and Analysis 14 hours

1.Market Fundamentals, Characteristics and Definitions 2. Supply Analysis 3. Demand Analysis 4. Use of Market Analysis

B. Highest and Best Use 14 hours

1.Test Constraints 2. Application of Highest and Best Use 3. Special Considerations 4. Market Analysis 5. Case Studies

Final Examination (75-100 questions) 2 hours Total 30 hours

(b)G-5/General Appraiser Sales Comparison Approach

A. Value Principles 7 hours

B. Procedures 6 hours

C. Identification and Measurement of Adjustments 5 hours

D. Reconciliation 5 hours

E. Case Studies 5 hours

1.Seller Concessions 2. Special Energy Efficient Items (i.e., Green Buildings)

Final Examination (75-100 questions) 2 hours Total 30 hours

(c)G-6/General Appraiser Site Valuation and Cost Approach

A. Site Valuation 12 hours

1.Methods 2. Case Studies

B. Cost Approach 16 hours

1.Concepts and Definitions 2. Replacement/Reproduction Cost New 3. Accrued Depreciation 4. Methods of Estimating Accrued Depreciation 5. Case Studies

Final Examination (75-100 questions) 2 hours Total 30 hours

(d)G-7/General Appraiser Income Approach

A. Overview 2 hours

B. Compound Interest 3 hours

C. Lease Analysis 5 hours

D. Income Analysis 5 hours

E. Vacancy and Collection Loss 5 hours

F. Estimating Operating Expenses and Reserves 5 hours

G. Reconstructed Income and Expense Statement 5 hours

H. Stabilized Net Operating Income Estimate 5 hours

I. Direct Capitalization 5 hours

J. Discounted Cash Flow 5 hours

K. Yield Capitalization 5 hours

L. Partial Interests 3 hours

M. Case Studies 4 hours

Final Examination (100 question minimum) 3 hours Total 60 hours

(e)G-8/General Appraiser Report Writing and Case Studies

A. Writing and Reasoning Skills 8 hours

B. Common Writing Problems 8 hours

C. Report Options and USPAP Compliance 6 hours

D. Case Studies 6 hours

Final Examination (75-100 questions) 2 hours Total 30 hours

(f)Valuation Bias and Fair Housing Laws and Regulations

A. Understanding Real Estate Bias 1.75 hours

1.Historical Context

a. Role of the following: real estate agents, insurance, appraisers, lenders, Government Sponsored

Enterprises, federal, state and local agencies, and legislation

b. Redlining

c. Restrictive Covenants

d. Court Rulings

2.Contemporary Context

a. Economic Impact of Property Value Disparities for Protected Classes

b. Public Conversation Regarding Valuation Bias

c. Recent Cases and Developments

B. Federal Fair Housing and Antidiscrimination Laws and Regulations 1.75 hours

1.Laws and Regulations

a. Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Section 1981 and Section 1982)

b. Fair Housing Act

c. Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA)

d. Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act (FIRREA)

e. Unfair and Deceptive Acts and Practices (UDAP)

f. Unfair, Deceptive or Abusive Acts and Practices (UDAAP)

2.Key Legal Concepts

a. Disparate Treatment

b. Disparate Impact

C. Valuation Bias 1.75 hours

1.Components of Valuation Bias

a. Explicit

b. Implicit

c. Structural

2.Recognizing and Avoiding Valuation Bias

D. Case Studies 1.75 hours

1.Current Valuation Bias Topics

Best Practices for Avoiding Valuation Bias Final Examination 1 hour Total 8 hours

General course outlines

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